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Math Dialog

 

Use this dialog to perform various arithmetic, logical, and other operations on an image or set of images.

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Example Adding a Constant to an Image.

  1. Load a set of images.

  2. Enter 100 in the 1st Value field

  3. Press Adk.

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Dialog Items

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Values

Enter up to 4 values, depending on the function, in Value.  Each function details the values that are expected and their default values.

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Overwrite

Select overwrite to overwrite the 1st set of selected images with the result images.

Note

This option is not available with functions where the number of result images may be more than the 1st set of selected images.

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Absolute Value

Press Abs to create image(s) which are the absolute value of the first selected image(s).

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Add Images

Press Add to create image(s) which are the addition of the first and second selected image(s).

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Add Constant to Images

Press Adk to create image(s) which are the addition of the first selected image(s) with the constant value.

Note

Enter value to add to the image(s) in the 1st Value field.

bullet Logical AND Images

Integer

Press And to create image(s) which are the logical "AND" of the first and second selected image(s).

Float

Press And to create image(s) which are the logical "AND" of the first and second selected image(s). The slice values are used to create binary masks of each image (see biv). The masks are "AND"ed to Press to create the final mask, the values of the first selected image(s) are used to replace the mask.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field, upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

lower value = 1.0e-99, upper value = maximum value.

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Angle

Press Ang to convert the first selected image(s) to angle image(s).  It is assumed the first selected image(s) units are radians.

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Logical AND Images with a Constant

Integer

Press Ank to create image(s) which are the logical "AND" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value.

Float

Press Ank to create image(s) which are the logical "AND" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value. Entering 0 will the zero the image(s) and entering 1 will result in no change.

Note

Enter value to and with image(s) with in the 1st Value field.

Default

constant value = all bits 1

bullet Arithmetic Shift Left Images

Press Asl to create image(s) from the first selected image(s) which are the arithmetically shifted left by the constant value.

Note

Enter number of bits to shift by in the 1st Value field.

Default

shift = 0

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Arithmetic Shift Right Images

Press Asr to create image(s) from the first selected images which are arithmetically shifted right by the constant value.

Note

Enter number of bits to shift by in the 1st Value field.

Default

shift = 0

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ArcTanget of Images

Press Atn to create image(s) which are the arc tangent of the first selected image(s).

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Binary Mask Image using Region of Interest

Press Bir to create image(s) which are the binary mas of the selected image(s) using the region of interest or the windowing of the current image.

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Binary Mask Images using Values

Press Biv to create image(s) which are the binary mask of the selected image(s) by slicing between two values.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field, upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Defaults

lower value = minimum value of image, upper value = maximum value of image.

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Butterworth Filter on Images

Press But to create image(s) which have the butterworth filter with cosine extrapolation applied to the pixel vectors of the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter order in the 1st Value field and cutoff in the 2nd Value field.

Defaults

order = 1, cutoff = 0.125

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Convolute Images

Press Cnv to create image(s) which have been convoluted from the selected image(s), using the selected signature file from the Load dialog.

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Cosine Images

Press Cos to create image(s) which are converted to cosine of the angle image(s) from the first selected image(s).  It is assumed the first selected image(s) have units of degrees.

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Deconvolute Images

Press Dcnv to create image(s) which have been deconvoluted from the selected image(s), using the selected signature file from the Load dialog.

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Desired Process Image

Press Des to create image(s) which are the binary of the selected images, cutoff at the desired mean -x standard deviations and set to a constant value.

Note

Enter x, constant value in the constant 1st Value field.

Defaults

x=2.33, constant value=1.

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Divide Image by Constant

Press Dik to create image(s) which are the first selected image(s) divided by the constant value.

Note

Enter value to divide image(s) by in the 1st Value field.

Default

divisor = 1

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Divide Images

Press Div to create image(s) which are the first selected image(s) divided by the second selected image(s).

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Dilate Images

Press Dla to create image(s) which have the row and column size dilated from the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter the dilation factor in the 1st Value field and the dilation type (i, interpolate or r, replicate) in the 2nd Value field.

Default

dilation factor = 2, dilation type = i

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Exponential (Base 10) of Images

Press E10 to create image(s) which are the exponential (base 10) of the first selected image.

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Exp (Natural)

Press Exp to create image(s) which are the natural exponential of the first selected image(s).

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Fast Fourier Transform Images

Press Fft to create image(s) which are the fourier transform, in the direction given by the 1st  value, of the first ,and possibly second, selected image(s). The fourier transform is performed on each image in two-dimensional space.

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Expand

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Select 1 to not expand the fft image after it has been created.

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Select 2 to double the image size of the fft image after it has been created by pushing the data to the four corners and putting zeros in the center cross area that is vacated.

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Select 4 Quadruple the image size of the fft image after it has been created by pushing the data to the four corners and putting zeros in the center cross area that is vacated.

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Display

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Select Mag,Ph to display result Fft images in (or use original images as) magnitude/phase form.

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Select Re,Im to display result Fft images in (or use original images as) real/imaginary form.

Note

Enter the direction (1 - forward, -1 - reverse) of the FFT in the 1st Value field.

Defaults

direction = 1

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Fast Fourier Transform Pixel Vectors

Press Ffv to create image(s) which are the fourier transform, in the direction given by the 1st value, of the first ,and possibly second, selected image(s). The fourier transform is performed on each pixel vector in one-dimensional space.

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Display

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Select Mag,Ph to display result Fft images in (or use original images as) magnitude/phase form.

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Select Re,Im to display result Fft images in (or use original images as) real/imaginary form.

Note

Enter the direction (1 - forward, -1 - reverse) of the FFT in the 1st Value field.

Defaults

direction = 1

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Flip Images

Press Flp to create image(s) which have been flipped from the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter axis (h - horizontal, v - vertical) to flip around in the 1st Value field.

Default

axis = h (horizontal)

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Formula on Images

Press For to create image(s) which are the formula of the selected image(s) using the formula entered in the Value field.

Note

Enter lower value in 1st Value field, upper value in 2nd Value field, operation (+,-,*,/,=) in the 3rd Value field, and the operation value in the 4th Value field.

Default

lower value = minimum value, upper value = maximum value, operation = "*", operation value = maximum value.

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Gaussian Filter on Images

Press Gau to create images which have been smoothed in the temporal direction using a gaussian filter.

Note

Enter iterations in the 1st Value field, sigma in the 2nd Value field, and wraparound in the 3rd Value field.

Defaults

iterations = 1, sigma = 0.125, wraparound = false.

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Histogram Equalize Images

Press Heq to create image(s) which are histogram equalized from the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter the histogram equalization method (1, 2, or 3) in the 1st Value field.

Default

method = 1

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Half-tone Images

Press Hft to create image(s) which are half-tone binary image(s) of the first selected image(s).

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Interpolate Images

Press Int to create images which are interpolated horizontally, vertically, or both across low values.

Note

Enter threshold in the 1st Value field, wraparound (true, false) in the 2nd Value field, and direction (h - horizontal, v - vertical, b - both) in the 3rd Value field.

Defaults

threshold = 0.0, wraparound = true, direction = both.

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Interpolate Images

Press Int2 to create images which are interpolated horizontally, vertically, or both.

Note

Enter direction (h - horizontal, v - vertical, b - both) in the 1st Value field.

Default

direction = both.

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Invert Images

Press Inv to create image(s) which are the inverse of the first selected image(s).

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Levenberg-Marquardt Fit on Images

Press Lmf to create image(s) which have been fitted in the temporal direction with 2 gaussian signatures added together.

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Natural Log of Images

Press Ln to create image(s) which are the natural log of the first selected image(s).

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Log (Base 10) of Images

Press Log to create image(s) which are the Log (base 10) of the first selected image(s).

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Logical Shift Left Images

Press Lsl to create image(s) which are the logically shifted left of the first selected image(s) by the constant value.

Note

Enter number of bits to shift by in the 1st Value field.

Default

shift = 0

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Logical Shift Right Images

Press Lsr to create image(s) which are the logically shifted right of the first selected image(s) by the constant value.

Note

Enter number of bits to shift by in the 1st Value field.

Default

shift = 0

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Maximum Value of Images

Press Max to create image(s) which are the maximum value between the first and second selected image(s).

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Maximum Intensity Pixel

Press Mip to create image(s) which have the maximum value for each pixel location of the selected images.  The selected images are rotated around th Z, Y, and X axis' before te maximum value is determined.  If the Rotation Increment is 0, only the Start Rotation is used, otherwise, the images are rotated up to 360.0.  The images will be rotated by starting at the Start Rotation and then incrementing by the Rotation Increment up to 360.0.

Note

Enter the Z Start Rotation, Z Rotation Increment in the 1st Value field.  Enter the Y Start Rotation, Y Rotation Increment in the 2nd Value field.  Enter the X Start Rotation, X Rotation Increment in the 3rd Value field.

Default

Start Rotation, Rotation Increment = 0,0

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Maximum Value of a Set of Images

Press MaxS to create image(s) which are the maximum value for each pixel location of the selected images.

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Minimum Value of Images

Press Min to create image(s) which are the minimum value between the first and second selected image(s).

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Minimum Value of a Set of Images

Press MinS to create image(s) which have the minimum value for each pixel location of the selected images.

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Multi-Resolution Pyramid of Images

Press Mrp to create image(s) which are the multi-resolution pyramid of the first selected image(s). A multi-resolution pyramid is a sequence of images where each image is reduced by a factor of 2 from the previous image.

Note

Enter iterations in 1st Value field and type (s - sample, a - average, w - weighted average, m - maximum) in the 2nd Value field.

Defaults

iterations = 1, type = s.

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Convert FFT Format of Images

Press M-R to create image(s) which are the alternate representation of fft images of the first selected image(s). The conversion allows Magnitude,Phase <-> Real,Imaginary.

Note

Enter conversion (m - to Magnitude,Phase, r - to Real,Imaginary) in the 1st Value field.

Default

conversion = m.

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Multiply Images

Press Mul to create image(s) which are the multiplication of the first and second selected images.

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Multiply Images by Constant

Press Muk to create image(s) which are the multiplication of the constant value and the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter value to multiply image(s) by in the 1st Value field.

Default

multiplier = 1.

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Normalize Images by Mean

Press NM to create image(s) which are the normalized by the mean, under the region(s) of interest, of each of the first selected image(s).

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Logical NOT of Images

Integer

Press Not to create image(s) which are the logical "NOT" of the first selected image(s).

Float

Press Not to create image(s) which have a range set to zero of the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field, upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

lower value = 1.0e-99, upper value = maximum value.

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Logical OR Images

Integer

Press Or to create image(s) which are the logical "OR" of the first and second selected image(s).

Float

Press Or to create image(s) which are the logical "OR" of the first and second selected image(s). The slice values are used to Press to create binary masks of each image (see biv). The masks are "OR"ed to Press to create the final mask, the values of the first selected image(s), followed by the values of the second selected image(s), if the first value is zero, are used to replace the mask.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field, upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

lower value = 1.0e-99, upper value = maximum value.

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Logical OR Images with a Constant

Integer

Press Ork to create image(s) which are the logical "OR" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value.

Float

Press Ork to create image(s) which are the logical "OR" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value. This operation essentially results in no change in the image(s).

Note

Enter lower value in the 2nd Value field, upper value in the 3rd Value field.

Default

lower value = 1.0e-99, upper value = maximum value.

Note

Enter value to OR the image(s) with in the 1st Value field.

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Pad Images with Zeros to make the Dimensions Square

Press Pad to create image(s), from the selected image(s), which have square dimensions.

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Raise Images to a Power

Press Pow to create image(s) which are the first selected image(s) raised to a constant value.

Note

Enter power to raise image(s) by in the 1st Value field.

Default

power = 1.

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Quandrant Swap Images

Press Qsw to create image(s) which have the first and fourth quadrants and the second and third quadrants swapped from the selected image(s).

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Reduce Images

Press Red to create image(s) which have the row and column size reduced from the selected image(s).

Note

Enter the reduction factor in the 1st Value field and type (a - average or s - sample) in the 2nd Value field.

Defaults

reduction = 2, type = a.

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Combine Red, Green, and Blue into a Truecolor Image

Press Rgb to creates a color image from the three selected images as red, green, and blue, with increasing values having more intensity. Press Rgbi to creates a color image from the three selected images as red, green, and blue, with decreasing values having more intensity. Dithering can be used to simulate greater color depth.

Note

Enter lower percentage cutoff in 1st Value field, upper percentage cutoff in 2nd Value field, and dither factor in the 3rd Value field.

Defaults

lower percentage = none, upper percentage = none, dither = 0.0.

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Rotate Images

Press Rot to create image(s) which have been rotated from the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter angle in the 1st Value field.

Default

angle = 0.

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Subimage Images

Press Sbi to create image(s) which are the subimage of the selected image(s) under the region of interest.  The region of interest can be used as a single mask or as multiple masks to create several images.

Note

Enter subimage operation (r - reduce and center, m - mask) in the 1st Value field and region of interest operation (s - single, m - multiple) in the 2nd Value field..

Default

subimage operation = m, region of interest operation = s.

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Scale Images

Press Scl to create image(s) which are scaled from the mean of the desired process (or the maximum value if desired process is not available) to the constant value.

Note

Enter image type (i - integer, f - floating point) in the 1st Value field, and the scale to value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

image type = f, scale to value = 1.

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Slice Images

Press Sli to create images which are the slice of the selected image(s) set to zero below lower value and above upper value.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field and upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

lower value = minimum value, upper value= maximum value.

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Split Truecolor images into Red, Green, and Blue

Press Splt to create image(s) which are the red, green, and blue components of the first selected image(s).

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Square Root of Images

Press Sqr to create image(s) which are the square root of the first selected image(s).

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Subtract Images

Press Sub to create image(s) which are the second selected image(s) subtracted from the first selected image(s).

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Subtract Constant from Images

Press Suk to create image(s) which are the constant value subtracted from the first selected image(s).

Note

Enter the value to subtract from the image(s) in the 1st Value field.

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Sum a Set of Images

Press Sum to create an image which is the sum of the selected images.

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Sum every N images in a Set

Press SumN to create image(s) which are the sum of every N images from the first selected image to the second selected image, skipping S images in between.

Note

Enter N in the 1st Value field and S in the 2nd Value field.

Default

N = 1, S = 1.

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Swap Bytes in Images

Press Swa to create image(s) which have the bytes swapped from the first selected image(s).

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Switch Data Type for Images

Press Swi to create image(s) which have their image data type of the first selected image(s) converted to a new image data type.

Note

Enter # bits/pixel,data type in the 1st Value field  Valid entries are 8i, 16i, 32i, 32f, and 64f, the number corresponds to the number of bits per pixel and i/f specifies integer or floating point.

Default

new data type = old data type.

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Threshold Images

Press Thr to create image(s) which are the threshold of the selected image(s) set to zero below the lower value.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field.

Default

lower value = minimum value

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Translate Images

Press Trl to create image(s) which are the translated from the selected image(s) using the row and column shift values. Pixels will roll around the image.

Note

Enter row shift, column shift in the Value field.

Default

row shift = 0, column shift = 0

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UnScale Images

Press UnS to un-scale eigenimages that were saved as 16-bit integer.  The images are divided by the Rescale Slope value in the Dicom header.

Note

There will be round off error and if the images are to be used in quantitative analysis, the original floating point eigenimages should be used.

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Window Images

Press Win to create a permanently windowed image of the current image.

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Exclusive-OR Images with a Constant

Integer

Press Xok to create image(s) which are the logical "eXclusive-OR" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value.

Float

Press Xok to create image(s) which are the logical "eXclusive-OR" of the first selected image(s) with the constant value.

Note

Enter value to exclusive-or the image(s) with in the 1st Value field.

Default

constant value = all bits 0

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Exclusive-OR Images

Integer

Press Xor to create image(s) which are the logical "eXclusive-OR" of the first and second selected image(s).

Float

Press Xor to create image(s) which are the logical "eXclusive-OR" of the first and second selected image(s). The slice values are used to Press to create binary masks of each image (see biv). The masks are "eXclusive-OR"ed to Press to create the final mask, the values of the first selected image(s), followed by the values of the second selected image(s) ,if first value is zero, are used to replace the mask.

Note

Enter lower value in the 1st Value field and upper value in the 2nd Value field.

Default

lower value = 1.0e-99, upper value= maximum value.

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Extend Images

Press Xtnd to create image(s), from the selected image(s), which have had images added temporally, using and sinea sine or exponential function, to bring the last value in line with the first value.

Note

Enter length in the 1st Value field and type (s - sine, e - exponential) in the 2nd Value field.

Default

length = power of 2 greater than original length, type = s

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Zoom Images

Press Zoo to create image(s) which are magnified up or down from the first selected image(s) by a percentage. The matrix size stay the same size and are magnified with the center unmoved.

Note

Enter a percentage to zoom the image in the 1st Value field. To magnify image use value greater than 100, to shrink use value less than 100. Fractional percentages will be accepted, i.e., 84.7.

Default

percentage = 100

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Macro Operations

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Press Start Macro to start tracking functions.  The previous macro, if any, is cleared. All buttons and their options will be tracked.

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Press End Macro to stop tracking the buttons and their options.

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Press Run Macro to perform all selected functions with their options.

bullet Select Current Image Selections to allow user to select another set of images.
bullet Select Image Selection from Macro to use the images the macro was defined on.
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Cancel

Press Cancel to remove the Math dialog.

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Help

Press Help to display help for the Math dialog.

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Last modified: 01/17/05